How and Why the Treaty of Versailles Differed from Woodrow...

How and Why the Treaty of Versailles Differed from Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points Wilsons fourteen points indicated that what he mainly wanted was peace, justice, harmony and freedom in the world and between all different countries, whereas the Treaty of Versailles showed a different view and dealt with Germany, mainly with how the land was going to used from then on within the world. One of Wilsons points said that he wanted for the wishes and views of the local people who lived in future colonies to be taken into consideration, he wanted for all the land to be returned to their rightful countries for example, Alsace and Lorraine were to be returned to France, he wanted the Germans to leave†¦show more content†¦The terms also stated that Germany had to give away land to five of her neighbouring countries, the country itself then was split into two sides. One side was to be governed by the Germans and the other side which included the areas Danzig, the Saar and Memel, were to be governed by the League of Nations for a period of time, later the people who lived in those areas would be allowed to vote for whether they wanted to be part of Germany or not, however the vote was never carried out. Wilson did not approve of the way that Germany had been divided, as he believed himself that all German people who speak German, who live in a German culture, who are used to being ruled by the German government should stay together in one group, not be split up without being given any choice. Wilson wanted for the subject people to freely have a say in what they all personally thought about their country or colony. The coalmines in the Saar Valley, one of Germanys main sources of income, were given to the French. Another of Wilsons points said that he wanted disarmament in every country; he wanted the level of armaments to be reduced. Yet inShow MoreRelatedWhy Did the 1919 Paris Peace Settlement Not Provide a Durable Peace in Europe1570 Words   |  7 PagesWhy did the 1919 Paris settlement not provide a durable peace in Europe? The First World War, was without a doubt one of the most tragic events in the history of people. It was fought on a scale, and at a cost in human suffering, unparalleled in the history of man kind. Countries from every continent, including most of those in Europe, had taken part. Whole populations had been marshalled to serve their countries war efforts1. All these came to an end when on 11 November 1918, Germany finally agreedRead MoreA Plan Of Investigation On The Peace After World War I1821 Words   |  8 Pagesnegotiation of the Allies in order to end the war and examine German anger when expectations were not met. Overall, this investigation will examine how this well-intentioned urgency for peace negatively impacted the future of Europe in terms of its failure to fulfill the promises made by the Allies. Research for the investigation will be gathered from printed and online sources. Sources will focus on both the historical recounting of events, as well as varying interpretations of the purpose of theRead MoreWhy Did the League of Nations Fail?14508 Words   |  59 Pages Boone, NC 28608, USA Phone: +1-828-262 6006, email: elorantaj@appstate.edu Paper to be presented at the Sixth European Historical Economics Society Conference, 9-10 September 2005, Historical Center of the former Imperial Ottoman Bank, Istanbul. WHY DID THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS FAIL? INTRODUCTION The economic and political instability of the interwar period and the rise of authoritarian regimes are often seen as extensions of World War I and the Great Depression. The League of Nations, in turn, isRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageswhat we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades

Biography of Abraham Lincoln - 1491 Words

Biography of Abraham Lincoln Dominique Bailey Table of Contents Page 3 – Introduction Page 4 – Early Life Page 5 – Law Career Page 6 – Entering Politics Page 7 – Elected President Page 8 – Emancipation Proclamation - Civil War Page 9 – Reconstruction - Assassination Page 10 – Conclusion Page 11 – Bibliography 3 Introduction Abraham Lincoln is widely regarded as one of America’s greatest heroes and one of its sharpest political minds. Born into frontier obscurity and raised in a log cabin, Lincoln rose quickly in society from a backwoods rail-splitter to a militia†¦show more content†¦Lincoln made a good living in his early years as a lawyer, but found that Springfield alone didn’t offer enough work. Early Politics Abraham Lincoln served a single term in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1847- 49. Lincoln started his political career with a campaign in 1832 for the Illinois General Assembly as a member of the Whig Party. The campaign was not successful though and he lost the seat. Soon after the campaign, he was elected captain of an Illinois militia company of New Salem during the Black Hawk War. In 1834, Lincoln won election to the state legislature and influenced by the Commentaries on the Laws of England, he started learning law. After admission to the bar in 1837, he moved to Springfield and established himself as a formidable adversary and successful lawyer. In 1837, Lincoln made his first protest (leader of the Illinois Whig Party) against slavery in the Illinois House and labeled it as â€Å"inhumanity based upon injustice and bad policy.† 7 Elected President In 1854, Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise, and allowed individual states and territories to decide for them whether to allow slavery. Lincoln joined theShow MoreRelatedA Brief Biography of Abraham Lincoln620 Words   |  3 PagesAbraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky, United States of America and died on April 15, 1865. Throughout his life, Abraham showed an excessive amount of influence on not only the U.S.A. but the whole world. I have made this biography to tell about the life of this international hero. Abraham was an only child who grew up in poverty with his father, Thomas Lincoln, who was a carpenter and mother, Nancy Hanks, who died in 1818. Shortly after Nancy’s death, Thomas married Sarah JohnstonRead MoreBiography of Abraham Lincoln1047 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln was a self-educated lawyer who did not support slavery. He surprised many people when he became the 16th President mainly because he beat out several promising contenders. During the Civil War Lincoln became quite brilliant with military strategy and an excellent wartime leader. With the Union on the brink of victory Lincoln became a martyr when he was shot and killed by a Confederate sympathizer by the name of John Wilkes Booth. Over time Lincoln became known as one of the greatestRead MoreBiography of Abraham Lincoln2539 Words   |  10 Pagesand Nancy Lincoln welcomed their first son, Abraham, into the world. Abraham was named after his grandfather who was killed by Indians in 1786 near Nolin C reek in Hardin County, Kentucky. (Stone 8) Young Abraham spent the first few years in Nolin Creek but by the age of two his father, in search of better farming land, moved them a few miles away to Knob Creek. Lincoln’s family was against slavery even though at one time his family had owned slaves. They gave up that practice before Lincoln was bornRead MoreA Brief Biography on Abraham Lincoln Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln â€Å"Abraham Lincoln caught the publics attention for a long time as he presented a great role model for all Americans. Even today, almost all political conversation mentions him as his achievements have spoken for him (Samuels,2012).† As an illustration, there are thousands of books, articles and web pages which talks about Lincoln and his own extra ordinary life achievements. â€Å"Lincoln was born in 1809 in small hut located on a farm called Skining Spring Farm in Hardin County, KentuckyRead MoreBiography Of George Nelson Mandela And Bill Gates And Abraham Lincoln1367 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Leader When assigned the task of identifying an individual who I believe embodies what it means to be a great leader, well-known figures such as Martin Luther King, Jr., Mother Teresa, Winston Churchill, Nelson Mandela, Bill Gates and Abraham Lincoln initially come my mind. The impact of their distinct leadership styles continues to inspire people around the globe and has earned each of them undisputed leadership recognition. However, in the quiet shadows of these great leaders arises theRead MoreThe Life Of Abraham Lincoln1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, Civil Rights Activist, U.S. Representative, U.S. President, and lawyer is regarded as one of America’s most successful presidents due to his incredible impact on the nation, and his views on slavery and civil rights. Abraham Lincoln, also referred to by Honest Abe, had one of the hardest jobs a president can have and that is being a war-time leader. Despite the odds, Lincoln persevered through his rough childhood and found his way into politics and laterRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln928 Words   |  4 PagesP. Thomas, Abraham Lincoln: A Biography (Southern Illinois University Press, 2008). †¢ David Herbert Donald, We Are Lincoln Men: Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (Simon Schuster, 2004). †¢ Roy Morris Jr., The Long Pursuit: Abraham Lincoln’s Thirty-Year Struggle with Stephen Douglas for the Heart and Soul of America (Bison Books, 2010). 5. Similar Articles: †¢ Mary Frances Berry, â€Å"Lincoln and Civil Rights for Blacks,† Volume 2, Issue 1, 1980, pp. 46-57 (Journal of The Abraham Lincoln Association)Read MoreLincoln Memorial Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesHaving only read about the Lincoln memorial, I never had the chance to experience the sensation of being inside such an honorable place of importance. The imposing white marble walls of the memorial and the many people surrounding it could be seen from afar. Arriving at the location, an unknown feeling came over me. I was experiencing history in a whole different level. When I think about a memorial, the term remembrance comes to mind. Seeing the statue of Abraham Lincoln brought pieces of memoriesRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : The President That Held Our Nation Together1017 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln Research Paper Abraham Lincoln. The president that held our nation together. Lincoln’s early life. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in a log cabin in Hardin County Kentucky, to his parents Thomas Lincoln, and mother Nancy Lincoln. They moved around and eventually settled in the back-woods of Indiana. They lived in a small cabin in the back-country of Indiana. As said by biography.com, â€Å"where the family squatted on public land to scrap out a living in a crudeRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1191 Words   |  5 PagesDavis March 21, 2015 Abraham Lincoln was one of the greatest presidents in the United States. He started out his career in a humble settings in a one room log cabin to becoming the President. His dedication to learning more where he self taught himself law while working as a shopkeeper and poastmaster. He finally took the bar exam where he passed it which was the first step of many that he took on his way to becoming the President. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in

Reality television Essay Example For Students

Reality television Essay In this piece of work I am going to be looking at reality TV and many of the issues involved. Big Brother is just one example of a very successful reality TV show. Other good examples are Survivor, Jerry Springer and Im a Celebrity get me out of here. All these shows are made in favour of the television companies, and to make as much money as possible, if they are successful. With the reality TV shows so popular the TV companies can gain high ratings and publicity. Big Brother have a huge production team that work 24 hours a day, to create the artificial situations and surroundings that contestants will have to contend with during the show. For example, Feng Shui consultants are called in to create certain areas of the house to be relaxing, they do this so contestants will maintain mental stability during their confinement, which could last up to 12 weeks. The Big Brother production team always warn the contestants of what might happen after they leave the house, and how it will affect them. They do not have any control over the media and what their views are on the contestants. The Media imply that the companies of these particular shows use the contestants are warned several times about the shows disadvantages before hand. Big Brother establishes authority over the contestants by controlling their actions by issuing rules, which must be obeyed or they will be forced to leave the Big Brother game. When a contestant is rebelling against the rules, Big Brother will call them to the diary room and will remind them of the rules and the consequences. This is usually completed by the masculine, authoritative voice of one of the male members of the production team. Privacy is more or less prohibited by Big Brother because viewers like to know and see all, their ratings would suffer if viewers felt cheated. The contestants of these types of shows are normally seeking fame and money. Both these prizes are for gain but so are public hate and ridicule. I feel the question of whether or not we should allow this lies in the hands of the contestants due to the fact they are profusely warned of the set backs of participating in these particular shows. An example of this would be a previous contestant of Big Brother. Jade Goody gained both ridicule and fame during her time in the famous house. Also she has profited greatly from the publicity bestowed upon her by appearing the reality TV show. Another drawback to the situation would include that when the contestants leave the house they have had a particular persona created for them by things such as the media and the way the shows are edited. When Channel 4 edits Big Brother, they will usually show one side of a person to create the persona to show the public, this will help viewers like or dislike a contestant. An example of favouritism in reality television is Kate Lawler, the winner of Big Brother 2002. Channel 4 edited the shows to make Kate seem nice and not two faced. Channel 4 had seen Kate as a moneymaker, she would be the first woman to have one Big Brother UK. Therefore see would be remembered more than just a winner of Big Brother. Like TV soaps the television companies are trying creating characters to gain viewers. The viewers gain satisfaction from these types of shows due to the fact they enjoy watching people make fools of them selves and watching hostile situations from a safe distance. The general public also like to see everyday people, interacting in everyday situations. Also viewers can have some control over who or what they want to see by voting people they dislike or are bored with. The viewers get to see new faces on television rather than faces theyve seen before. .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 , .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 .postImageUrl , .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 , .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051:hover , .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051:visited , .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051:active { border:0!important; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051:active , .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051 .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u26b7249e099529d422ff0e0610216051:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Immorality In Television EssayMy conclusion to my analysis of reality television in general is that it is another form of entertainment and should not be taken so seriously by the general public and media. People should realise that the contestants are placed in extra ordinary situations. Contestants choose to be put in these situations for fame, money, attention and to escape from their normal, routine lives. Reality TV shows take advantage of a society, which embraces fame as a good way of life, in order to make millions. Celebrities are respected by the public and these contestants, who are normal people, dream of making themselves a well known face.

Processor Comparison Essays - Instruction Set Architectures

Processor Comparison 1. Investigate the instruction set and architectural features of a modern RISC processor such as the Digital Equipment Corporation Alpha or Motorola/IBM PowerPC. In what ways does it differ from the architecture of the Intel Pentium processor family? The main difference between the architectures of Digital Equipment Corporation's (DEC) Alpha and Intel's Pentium processors are the instruction sets. In this paper I intend on defining both RISC and CISC processors. In doing this I will be comparing DEC's Alpha 21164 (a microprocessor that implements the Alpha architecture) and also Intel's Pentium processors (from the Pentium-R through the Pentium II). Reduced Instruction Set Computing or RISC processing is a CPU architecture with an instruction set that eliminates some (but not all) complex instructions by pairing down and reducing them in complexity so that instructions can be performed in a single processor cycle. This is accomplished through high-level compilers that breakdown the more complex, less frequently used instructions into simpler instructions. Thus, allowing the RISC architecture to im-plement a smaller instruction set that utilizes more registers and eliminating the need for microcode. The Alpha architecture is a 64-bit load and store RISC architecture designed with particular emphasis on speed, multiple instruction issue, multiple processors, and software migration from many operating systems. (1, pg. 1-1) Most recent CPU designs are superscalar and superpipelined. Superscalar means that the architecture provides two pipelines for executing multiple instructions in parallel. Superpipelining increases the number of pipeline stages, allowing for results from either pipeline to be simultaneously used to avoid stalls thus, improving data flow by removing data dependency. The 21164 microprocessor is a superscalar pipelined processor manufactured using 0.5-micron CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-conductor) technology. (1, pg.1-3) The Alpha 21164 can issue four instructions in a single clock cycle. This combined with the low-latency and/or high-throughput features in the instruction issue unit and the on-chip components of the memory subsystem reduce the average cycl es per instruction. All data manipulation is done between registers. The registers are 64 bits in length and all instructions are 32 bits in length. Memory operations are either load or store operations. Since many early computers had extremely limited memory and processing power, complex instruction sets were developed. Complex instruction computing or CISC processing is a CPU architecture in which a large number of instructions are hardcoded into the chip. Intel's Pentium processors still adhere to this philosophy. The Pentium processor was Intel's first CPU to employ superscalar architecture. With its 3.3 million transistors it is able to execute two instructions per clock cycle resulting in twice the integer performance relative of an Intel 486 CPU running at the same frequency. Pentium also employed on-chip dual-processing support as well as an onboard interrupt controller. Next came the Pentium Pro, which introduced dynamic execution technology that pre-dicts the program flow through multiple branches. Multiple branch prediction lets the CPU pre-fetch possible next instructions rather than waiting for the outcome. This technology can actually change the order of executed instructions based on analyzed data dependencies, which in turn provides optimum execution speed. However, the Pentium Pro was only available in speeds from 150MHz to 200MHz and has only 16KB of internal cache (half as much as the MMX). In 1997 Intel introduced the Pentium MMX processor. The MMX processor added1.2 million more transistors (4.5 million total) and also SIMD technology (Single Instruction, Multiple Data). SIMD technology included 57 new instructions, 4 new data types and eight 64-bit registers. As in the original Pentium, the MMX Pentium provides both a fixed-point integer data path that allows up to two operations to be executed simultaneously, and a floating point data path that allows one operation to be performed at a time. In addition, the MMX Pentium provides a new MMX data path that allows up to two MMX operations to execute simultaneously, or up to one MMX operation and one integer operation (in the integer data path) to execute simultaneously. The inte-ger data path includes two ALUs and supports operations on 8-, 16-, and 32-bit integers. (4) The MMX processor is available in speeds from 166MHz to 333MHz. Finally the Pentium II processor combines the best features of both the Pentium Pro and Pentium MMX on one chip. Including a 64-bit dual

Nature And Development Of Special Interest Tourism Tourism Essay Essays

Nature And Development Of Special Interest Tourism Tourism Essay Essays Nature And Development Of Special Interest Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Nature And Development Of Special Interest Tourism Tourism Essay Essay conveyance ( route, sea, air ) and travel services to do a tour bundle. Many circuit operators are doing particular bundles around a peculiar event, e.g. , Olympic Games. There are many web sites specialize in certain merchandises, like lastminute.com that specialize in discounted adjustment. Travel facilitators are all the scope of services offered to the consumers. It can be: tourer information Centre, circuit ushers, medical suppliers, currency exchange agency. Conveyance suppliers are those runing any major signifier of conveyance. These would include air hoses, H2O based conveyance and land based, such as roads and tracks. Land based conveyance covers all signifiers vehicles such as coach, cab, private auto, and bike. Rail travel has become really popular since gap of the Channel tunnel. Rail companies provide a scheduled service within a place state and clients can reserved the seats by themselves. The air hoses can be divided into scheduled, which operate with regular published agenda, e.g. , British Airways, and charter air hoses, which fly to certain finishs under charter to a circuit operator. Many states have their national air hose, like British Airways in UK. Water based conveyance is represented by ferries and sail ships. Ferries operators provide critical links between islands, rivers, seas. Cruising can be river sails, sea/oceans sails, e.g. Mediterranean, Atlantic oceans, and can be considered as a special involvement when there is something extra from sail, like instruction or particular avocation. Tourist pick of conveyance will depend on monetary value, finish, clip, handiness of the finish. Adjustment can be reserved separately or can be purchased by circuit operator. Guest installations will change harmonizing to the type of the topographic point. Adjustment can be divided into two classs: serviced adjustment ( where all repasts are provided ) , and self-catering adjustment ( where residents provide their ain nutrient ) . A 5 leading hotel can supply a full scope of services, such as eating houses, plasma Television, map suites, mini bars in the suites, room service available 24/7. In the train park you can merely happen fast nutrient stores and peddling machines. Suppliers of attractive forces need to set about the market research in order to run into all the demands of tourers. Typical attractive forces can be semisynthetic ( theme Parkss, menagerie ) , natural ( mountains ) , cultural ( Louvre Gallery in Paris ) . A batch of finishs are promoted via particular events ( World Cup, Olympic Games ) or assorted activities ( plunging, winter skiing resorts ) In add-on to attractive forces, a batch of finishs are promoted via particular events or activities, which include World Cup, Olympic Games. The development of particular involvement touristry. Particular involvement touristry can day of the month back to earliest signifiers of touristry. The first tourers travelled for specific grounds, e.g. , spiritual, cultural or for trading intents. Around the same period, the Greeks travelled to spiritual festivals, taking to building of sea ports and adjustment. In Medieval Times the pilgrims and missionaries became the most active travellers. Pilgrims travelled to the sacred topographic points such as Santiago de Compostella, Jerusalem, driven by their spiritual strong beliefs. Tourism grew over the centuries and spread to all over the universe. The new portion of touristry, known as Grand Tour, was developed in the early seventeenth century under the reign of Elizabeth 1.The immature work forces from affluent households were going across Europe to finish their instruction. London, Paris, Venice, Rome were visited by the immature blue bloods to better their cognition in the humanistic disciplines and literature. The Tours lasted every bit long as 3 old ages. In 1841 Thomas Cook put together the first bundle circuit in history. Thomas Cook s organized circuit consisted of: adjustment, travel tickets, timetables, attractive forces, travel ushers and Tourss, currency exchange. The first Tourss were for specific demands and catered more to the mass market with the growing of the company. Thomas Cook started offering Tourss within UK and shortly moved to Europe. The development of touristry in the nineteenth century increased due to coming of the railroad. It became cheaper, easier and safer to go, so non merely the privileged categories were allowed to go. The industrial revolution brought leisure travel to Europe. The in-between category had more clip and money to go thanks to the efficient machinery. In the station war period the development of wide-bodied and faster aircrafts contributed to the growing of the mass touristry. Increase in disposable income has made touristry accessible for a big bulk of population. Peoples could afford to take more than one vacation per twelvemonth. Another factor that contributed to the growing of mass touristry was addition in planetary wealth go forthing people plenty disposable income to pass on vacations. The political release of the colonised states built a batch of new tourer finishs, cut downing the cost of vacations. Nowadays, it becomes more popular self-drive vacations to Europe, cruising vacations, Middle East finishs such as Dubai, Egypt, etc. Traveling on the sail line drive gives you chance to bask your clip, there are a batch of activities on the board and the societal life is really active, which makes you enjoy vacations even more, remaining on the board of tremendous line drive. Low cost air hoses taking to mass touristry travel around the universe, e.g. Easy jet air hoses. The societal factor which contributed to the growing of touristry is linked with the new attitude to universe travel and leisure. Peoples are seeking for new finishs, seeking to happen something unusual and undiscovered. Development of leisure centres along with the increased independency of adult females has besides contributed to the touristry. Changing demographics, such as aging population, grown up kids have made a large impact on the SIT market. Sustainable touristry is one of the turning industries, which seeks to protect touristry finishs and cut down an impact of the environment and local civilization. With the coming of cyberspace, tourers can go to the locations utilizing web-based interface coders at the same clip cut downing the traditional impacts such as travel, adjustment, nutrient wastage. TASK 2 Understand how particular involvement touristry matches clients, merchandises and services. 2.1. Discourse the scope and categorization of touristry merchandises and services available to travelers. There areA many sorts of particular touristry involvement ; it can be educational touristry, athleticss touristry, sex touristry, wellness and beauty touristry, humanistic disciplines and amusement touristry and a batch more. Merchandises can besides be divided into assorted classs, such as rural, urban, over or under H2O, in the air and others. The categorization of particular involvement touristry merchandises: Educational Cultural Adventure chases Historical attractive forces Religious events Health and health Sporting and amusement events Educational Tourism There is no uncertainty that educational industry has already become one of the most popular types of particular involvement touristry. The Grand Tours of the seventeenth century were organized for young person with the intent of instruction. Nowadays, many people are going to broaden the instruction, to larn a foreign linguistic communication and to take a particular class. As an illustration, the short term linguistic communication classs are designed for pupils to better their 2nd linguistic communication. Cultural touristry Peoples who take cultural vacations are likely to see museums, galleries and exhibitions, or traveling to opera or theatre. Heritage touristry is focused on historical attractive forces and resources. Cultural touristry gives visitants the chance to understand and appreciate the indispensable character of a topographic point and its civilization as a whole, including: -history and archeology -people and their life style -cultural diverseness Many metropoliss have had capital of civilization position, including London, Dublin and Prague. Religious events touristry Religious vacations focus on sing topographic points with spiritual significance, like Lourdes in South of France or Holy Land Tour. The Holy Land is a land filled with history, passion and with presence of Jesus. The tourers can bring out the universe in which Jesus lived and besides bask the activities, such as scuba honkytonk, hiking, and camel drive or merely hold merriment on the Sun. There are specialist circuit operators which organize such Tourss, like The Pilgrimage Trust, a charity, which organizes circuit to Lourdes for kids with disablements. Sporting touristry Peoples can take vacations to watch the athletics or take part in particular events. There are specialist operators offering bundles for World Cup, Olympic Games. For case, Club La Santa provides luxury Spain vacations, athleticss vacations and fittingness activity vacations. The resort features over 25 different athleticss and different amusement is available. Health and wellness touristry Health and wellness touristry is now available for consumers seeking to heighten their well being through their travel experiences. The purpose of tourers is to look and experience better, to lose weight, to decelerate the effects of aging, to alleviate hurting or uncomfortableness, or to pull off emphasis. This market has become really popular as people are going more wellness witting. There are two chief types of wellness and wellness touristry: watering place resorts and medical touristry. There are many spa hotels offering fittingness categories, beauty interventions and different types of massage. Holy Island is one of the best watering place in UK, located off the West seashore of Scotland. The laminitis and vision holder of the Holy Isle Project is Lama Yeshe Rinpoche, a Tibetan Buddhist speculation maestro in the Kagyu tradition. There are many retreat and class programmes taking topographic point in the Centre for World Peace and Health. The island has several countries reserved for birds, animate beings and tree planting programme. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.holyisland.org/ ) SIT can be classified harmonizing to the type of environment: Land Air Water based Rural/urban Nature/wilderness Trekking, cycling and hike are illustrations of land based particular involvement touristry. The two chief manners of travel are route and rail. Some epicurean trains appeal consumer s particular demands and let riders to see dramatic sights from the train. The Blue Train is a brilliant traveling five-star hotel. The paths of The Blue Train both scheduled and hired return invitees through some of the most admirable topographic points of the countryside. The train has epicurean suites with baths and dual beds.The invitees can bask keen repasts newly prepared on board by top chefs. Water based touristry can be presented in signifier of submerged activities, like diving, and above H2O, like swimming, cruising and surfing. The Great Barrier Reef is good known for its diving activities, situated on the north-east seashore of Australia. It the universe s most extended stretch of coral reef and is likely the richest country in footings of faunal diverseness in the universe. Nature and wilderness touristry focuses on observation of wild animate beings and birds in their usual environment. As an illustration it can be tours to Africa Safari or Tourss to botanical gardens. Wilderness touristry experiences with undeveloped natural environment, which can include isolation and ambitious conditions. 2.2. Diverseness and categorization of tourer types. The key to success in SIT is to guarantee assorted tourer types are good matched to the tourer merchandises. Demand for touristry can be influenced by 3 basic factors: -purpose for travel ( educational, cultural, for wellness, for featuring events ) -ability to go ( sufficient disposable income, clip, freedom of motion ) -travel picks ( knowledge about finishs, environmental factors, ability to travel ) Assorted typologies have been made to sort tourers harmonizing their penchants. The best known are by Cohen and Plog. Eric Cohen classified tourers harmonizing to the nature of the environment they prefer. He places tourers into four following groups: Organized mass tourist-typically they buy pre-organised bundles from circuit operators ; prefer safe and unafraid environment and are likely to return to familiar topographic points. Individual mass tourist- comparison to organized mass tourer show more flexibleness and have a batch more personal pick. The explorer- looking for undiscovered finishs. The drifter- by and large likes adventuresome traveling, e.g. encampment in the wilderness country. Stanley Plog describes three types of tourers: Allocentric- confident travellers, who enjoy the travel and geographic expedition Midcentric- tend to follow the finishs after they have been discovered by allocentric Psychocentric- are less confident and prefer secure environment Market cleavage is a procedure of spliting the market into different groups with common demands and wants. The most common types are: Geographic location Demographic Socio-economic cleavage Psychographic cleavage Geographic location is based upon people live and can be subdivided by state, part, metropolis size, and clime. Where people live in the metropolis can besides reflect their income degree and ability to purchase. Demographic cleavage is the most common in market cleavage. It can be divided by: Age ( fieldfares , empty squatters, immature budget travelers ) Gender ( adult females seeking to get away from the usual environment and travel for vacations, ex. spa interruptions ; work forces prefer to go to more adventuresome topographic points ) Religion ( retreats, pilgrims journeies ) Psychographic cleavage determines tourer s behavior, their life styles, activities and attitudes. Socio-economic cleavage considers facets such as business, position, societal category, income degree. Undertaking 3 Understand the entreaty and motive of particular involvement touristry for clients. 3.1. Analyze the entreaty to clients of particular involvement touristry characteristics and benefits. Entreaty can be characterised as a sort of touristry merchandises that will enable client s demands to be satisfied. The motive is closely linked to the entreaty and seeks to place people s demands and wants. The entreaty of the location can be influenced by different factors, like cost, clip handiness, installations. If you are be aftering a household holidays to sea and sun finishs, there are a batch of states to take from. The specific location has to appeal to legion demands and wants of the household, e.g. child-minding installations, particular child s bill of fare, available resort area, etc. Entreaty can be influenced by characteristics of the finish, like beaches, attractive forces, figure of installations within the resort. There are a figure of other factors that can lend to the entreaty: Singularity of the finish ( Great Wall of China is one of the most appealing attractive forces all around the universe owing to its architectural magnificence and historical significance ) . Degree of comfort ( the tourer seeking luxury adjustment may happen the entreaty in 5 stars hotels ) . Authenticity of the location ( the reliable culinary art or traditions appeal to many tourers sing peculiar state ) . Political factors ( the political instability in Egypt led to a decrease in the flow of tourers ) Environmental factors ( tourers tend to avoid topographic points affected by natural catastrophes, e.g. temblors ) 3.2. Identify and explicate how the motives of tourers are met by particular involvement touristry locations and characteristics. Motivation can be defined as internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested in and committed to a occupation, function, or capable, and to exercise relentless attempt in achieving a end. ( Businessdictionary.com ) Abraham Maslow outlined a motivational hierarchy dwelling of five classs of human demands arranged in go uping order: physiological- basic demands satisfied by such stimulation as nutrient and slumber ; security- demand for a safe environment free from immediate menace ; social-love demands and desire for societal credence ; esteem-need for sweetening and credence of ego ; and self-actualization-striving for full realisation of alone features and potencies. The cardinal impression in the theoretical account is that as a demand class lower in the hierarchy becomes satisfied, its finding of behavior diminishes and the following higher demand class becomes proponent ( Adler, S. , 1999, p 7 ) . Maslow s hierarchy of demands assumes that we all have similar demands and wants to be satisfied. Therefore, it is of import to use motives in relation to different tourer types. Motivations for SIT can be divided into two groups: Intrinsic motive Extrinsic motive Intrinsic motive includes internal desires to execute a peculiar undertaking, do certain activities because it gives you pleasance, such as challenge, skill betterment or relaxation. The accomplishment betterment relates to educational touristry and gives people chance to increase their cognition in peculiar field ( foreign languages classs, cooking schools in France ) . One of the chief motives for vacations can be a demand to rest, to get away from everyday s modus operandi. Extrinsic motive is the factors external to the person and unrelated to the undertaking they are performing.A Examples include money, position, wagess, and sustainability. Motivation can besides be influenced by demographic factors: Education ( tourers with high degree of instruction are likely to take part in instruction based activities ) Age ( old twosomes are seeking comfort and chance for sightseeing, while immature people are looking more for merriment and relaxation ) Family life rhythm ( parents with kids are motivated by topographic points with legion child s installations ) TASK 4 Understand direction demands and issues of particular involvement touristry. 4.1. Measure the organisational and support logistics involved in the direction of particular involvement touristry trips. Profitability- is the chief end of all the concerns. Meeting the tourer outlooks and supplying safe and unafraid travel agreements will take to profitable growing for travel companies. The chief thing is to do merchandises profitable attractive for clients by seting right monetary values and doing them attractive for the market. Market research is an indispensable tool for any concerns. It helps to place possible clients, their demands and outlooks. Target selling is a group of clients to be aimed. Potential clients with similar demands and features are identified and divided by market sections based on age, income degree, etc. Each travel merchandise is made up of several sections, e.g. hotel, conveyance, adjustment installations and for the tourers is all have to be organized and put together good. There is a scope of challenges coming with travel merchandises, e.g. Tour bundles, where the travel agents are responsible for every facet of the trip. Examples of operational challenges may include: Travel licenses: visas demands Infrastructure: indispensable stores, medical installations Language: troubles in understanding the foreign linguistic communication Conveyance: handiness of transportation managers or taxis. Logisticss is the direction of concern operations, such as the acquisition, storage, transit and bringing of goods along the supply concatenation. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.investorwords.com ) An SIT sporting event bundle circuit will include a figure of logistical issues to take attention of, including: Transportation system Adjustment suppliers Tour ushers Equipment providers Entree to the finish Apart from all the operational and logistical challenges, the SIT suppliers have a figure of administrative demands to cover with. Travel insurance provides the fiscal protection in the instance of unexpected loss of baggage or cancellation of the trip. It is of import to read and understand all the policies before doing a purchase. Visas issues may change harmonizing to the state tourists traveling to. For illustration, members of the household of the EU citizens do non necessitate visa to go to the EU states. Inoculation against diseases is an of import demand for tourers going to remote finishs, e.g. some parts of Africa. All the circuit operators and travel agents should be cognizant of the Torahs refering travel and touristry and go through the relevant information to the tourers. One of the chief points to be considered for all the concerns is to hold satisfied clients. It will consequences in more profitableness, less selling cost and a good repute for the company. 4.2. Discourse the ways operators resolve issues that affect particular involvement touristry. There are many issues that can impact particular involvement touristry, some of them are known in progress and others are unexpected. It is ever better to place the possible job and make the consciousness of possible result. The chief classs of the possible issues in SIT are: Hazard direction Socio-cultural issues Environmental issues Economic issues ( recession, glut ) Quality confidence Risk direction is an of import portion of be aftering for concerns. The procedure of hazard direction is designed to cut down or extinguish the hazard of certain sorts of events go oning or holding an impact on the concern. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.whatisriskmanagement.net/ ) There are many different types of hazard that can be classified as follows: Health- unexpected accidents, nutrient toxic condition Travel- holds of the flight, flight cancellation due to natural catastrophe Theft- loss of personal paperss, etc. Furthermore, hazard can be classified as known hazards ( tourers are going to politically unstable countries ) and unexpected hazards ( loss of paperss, unwellness ) . The chief end of hazard direction is to protect the clients from unacceptable degrees of hazard and besides construct the repute for travel administrations, avoiding fiscal losingss. Harmonizing to Sadgrove ( 2005 ) , the procedure of hazard direction is as follows: Identify and buttocks hazards Set policies Implement policies ; manage hazards Monitor hazards Tourism suppliers should ever rede clients on hazards by giving advice how to act in unfamiliar state of affairss or supplying the current information about the hazards that might be present in the resort. Socio-cultural issues can ensue in societal dislocation of the finish, addition in offense and loss of local civilization. The ecotourism is going really popular presents. Tour operators and travel agents have to be cognizant of the environmental issues associating to merchandises they offer. Some of the issues are: ecotourism and sustainable touristry. Sustainable touristry provides information how to esteem local civilizations and the natural environment and protect the diverse wildlife of the finish. The demand to supply the best quality and to maintain the criterions high is one of the chief issues of SIT suppliers. The best quality could be achieved by: Supplying the full preparation for the staff Good cognition about the merchandises being sold Right people on the right occupation Requesting feedback from clients Decision A A A A A A A A A A A There is no uncertainty that touristry had been the most of import industry of any state that is why most of them are making their best in order to keep and continue all of their resources that can pull the attending of their mark tourer.

Members of Congress by Profession

Members of Congress by Profession There are lots of professional politicians, those solons who hop from one elective office to another and always land on their feet - or at the helm of some federal agency or even in the Senate - because theres no such thing as statutory term limits  and theres no way to recall them. But many members of Congress came from real professions before being elected.  There have been actors, comedians, talk-show hosts, famous journalists and all sorts of doctors who have served in the House of Representatives and U.S. Senate.   Members of Congress By  Profession So who are these people and what did they do? There are the obvious non-politicians: actor and President Ronald Reagan,  Songwriter Sonny Bono was one-half of Sonny and Cher,  one of the most popular rock duos  of the 1960s and early 1970s,  author and  talk-show host  Al Franken, who  was  best known for his role on  Saturday Night Live.  Who can forget professional wrestler Jesse The Body Ventura, whose political resume ended at governor of Minnesota? But what about the common members of Congress? Where did they come from? What were their professions? Business and Law Data compiled regularly by the Washington, D.C., publication Roll Call and the Congressional Research Service have found that the most common professions held by burgeoning members of the House and Senate are in law, business and education. In the 113th Congress, for example, nearly a fifth of the 435 House members and 100 senators worked in education, either as teachers, professors, school counselors, administrators or coaches, according to the Roll Call and Congressional Research data. There were twice as many lawyers and businessmen and businesswomen. Professional Politicians The most common profession among members of Congress, though, is that of a public servant. Thats a nice-sounded term for a career politician. More than half of our U.S. senators served in the House, for example. But there are dozens of former small-town mayors, state governors, former judges, ex-state lawmakers, one-time congressional staffers, sheriffs and FBI agents, just to name a few. More Unusual Professions Of course, not everyone in Congress is a lawyer or professional politician or celebrity seeking to make a serious name for himself or herself. Some of the other jobs held by members of Congress include the following: Car dealerRodeo AnnouncerWelderFuneral home ownerSoftware engineerPhysicianDentists  Veterinarians  PsychiatristPsychologistsOptometristNurse  MinisterPhysicistEngineerMicrobiologist  Radio talk show host  JournalistAccountantPilotAstronautProfessional football playerFilmmaker  FarmerAlmond orchard ownerVintner  FishermanSocial workerStockbroker Are You Thinking of Running for Office? Before you launch that presidential campaign, there are some things you ought to know. These dentists and stockbrokers and astronauts didnt just jump headfirst into politics. Most were involved, whether it was through volunteering with campaigns, becoming members of the local party committees, giving money to super PACs or other political action committees and serving in small, unpaid municipal positions.

CODE OF ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CODE OF ETHICS - Essay Example I hope that the code of ethics that I have come up with would be of interest to you and inspire others who have plans to be a healthcare associate. Sincerely yours, Name of Student My Code of Ethics as a Healthcare Associate A healthcare professional is a person that people trust to provide them not only with medical attention but also treatment that is fair and appropriate according to the policies and laws governing healthcare. Therefore, as an ethical healthcare professional, I will ensure that I meet, if not exceed, the statements below in practicing my profession. I. To practice integrity and respect at all times ensuring that I uphold the values and regulations set by the healthcare system that I work for. II. To avoid exploitation of one’s position in order to achieve financial or personal gain at the expense of others. III. To value the trust given by the people and retreat from transactions or activities that could affect or have a negative impact on the healthcare sy stem or the profession. IV. To treat everyone fairly and avoid discrimination at all times. V. To take on jobs that one can proficiently handle and has ample knowledge on based on trainings and experience on the subject. VI. To establish trust from patients as well as colleagues by helping in providing an environment that is safe and free from harassment, violations and any actions that give off a negative light on the system. VII. To provide sufficient information to patients to enable them make an informed decision regarding their health. VIII. To be truthful and honest in all forms of transactions with employees and patients. IX. To report any abuse on these codes to the ethics committee. As a healthcare practitioner, it is very important to adhere to the policies set by the healthcare system that one works for. Codes of ethics are in place for a reason (Dominion, 2010). By practicing integrity and respect not only to patients but also to colleagues, the environment becomes such that the transactions and/or interactions with everyone is done with integrity, respect for life and other’s opinions and preferences. It is sometimes unavoidable for people in position to exploit the power they have over others. It is very important that the people who can do something remain honest and with integrity so that the healthcare system continues to be trusted by the public. Using one’s power in order to advance another is not only selfish but also wrong. (American College of Healthcare Executives [ACHE], 1996) It sheds a negative image on the healthcare system and its workers. Therefore, when one can be paid off or be coerced whether by money or by other means, it becomes something that in very untrustworthy. One of the most important factors in this type of business is trust, therefore, by being fair and just, trust can be established. Earning the trust of patients is a little difficult since one has to establish credibility not only on giving them the co rrect solution to their concerns but also in keeping their confidences. Patients must have the peace of mind that their concerns or issues are kept at the strictest confidence and that it will not be disclosed to anyone else at any cost. (ACHE, 1996) This same principle goes to

Anything about Cause and Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anything about Cause and Effect - Essay Example For the most part, the amount of waste and/or trash that is generated in terms of the production of goods and shipment worldwide is not contingent on the actual product itself. Instead, the majority of the trash and waste that is produced is contingent upon the packaging that is utilized to the product. Each and every year hundreds of thousands of tons of packing waste find its way into the landfills of developed and developing nations around the globe. The ultimate cause of all of this is globalization; however, the ultimate fact is that more and more landfills around the globe are filling up with waste products that were never used and only served as a means of transportation or safekeeping great product from one location to another. 1 As a function of understanding this cause-and-effect relationship, the following analysis will discuss how these effects are impacting upon the environment and what can ultimately be done to defend the environment from this unfortunate paradigm. One of the first and most obvious effects of the explosion in packaging waste has to do with the fact that it is being experienced firsthand in landfills around the globe. It is estimated by some scholars that in excess of 40% of all waste products that are disposed of and are ultimately nonbiodegradable are in fact related to product packaging. Accordingly, as the planet now supports in excess of 7 billion individuals, this is an issue that has to be addressed prior to further human development even being considered. Essentially, the wastefulness of product packaging and the focus on the bottom line, instead of the overall environmental impact, is an issue that will doom the planet unless it is addressed.2 Another noticeable impact and the fact that this particular situation espouses is related to the vast deforestation that must necessarily take place in order for much of this packing material to be provided to the end consumer. The most part, packaging material is

Evil in the Environment Essay Example for Free

Evil in the Environment Essay John Locke is a philosopher known for introducing various significant concepts to different fields of studies. His work encompasses the fields of psychology, political science, and philosophy. One of his main contributions is his assertion that the human mind is completely empirical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This principle would lead one to believe that every human being is born into this world having the same capacity. All human minds are empty slates (tabula rasa) when one is just born. (Hooker, 1999) Behavior is acquired through the various empirical experiences that a human being undergoes. Moral behavior stems from an individual’s empirical experiences. (Hooker, 1999) As such, it can be assumed that all immoral behavior or all â€Å"evil† is the product of the environment rather than individual. (Hooker, 1999) Such line of reasoning will lead us to assume that evil from the environment can be eradicated by a simple change in human thinking and behavior. This is known as the third â€Å"premise† of the enlightenment thinkers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The said premise remains to be significant in today’s time and age. For one, it helps people today realize that the evil that pervades in society today can be erased by humans themselves. Moreover, it teaches society that there is still hope for a better world and the fulfillment of such dreams lies in the reformation of human beings and society itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The primary effect of such premise on society is that it gives the responsibility for the evil in the world on the shoulders of people. Fingers cannot be pointed to the heavens or to other creatures to blame them for the evil that continues to exist in the world. Rather, the premise asserts that the evil in the world is the product of human misbehavior. Human wrong doing has created the immorality that exists in the world today. However, the most important lesson that Locke’s principle teaches us today is that just as the responsibility for the evil in the world lies in our hands, so does the responsibility to change and eradicate such evil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many ways by which humans can reform and change their environment. Locke had asserted that education is the primary way by which the moral and intellectual character of the human being can be changed for the better. (Hooker, 1999) Such assertion remains to be significant in today’s society. What the premise tells us is that education is even more valuable today for it is the way by which the world can be made better. Education exists not simply for the betterment of the individual’s own life. It is not for the sole purpose of helping someone find a better job, a better way of life. Education’s primary purpose is to help every human being to determine how he can help make the world a better place. It is through education that society can reform its ways and help remove evil from the environment. Thus, the role of education is society is exemplified by the third â€Å"premise.† The role of education becomes ever more important and significant basing on what has been stated in the premise. The future of today’s society lies in the hands of human beings. The betterment of the world and the eradication of evil are the responsibilities of all human beings. Just as they can create evil, they can erase them. Reformation of one’s ways is the manner by which evil in our â€Å"faulty environment† can be obliterated. Works Cited: Hooker, Richard. Seventeenth Century Enlightenment Thought. 1999. World Civilizations. 12 Dec. 2006 from: http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ENLIGHT/PREPHIL.HTM.

Huck Finn Paper :: essays research papers fc

How would you like to have a drunk, abusive father? Well in Huckleberry Finn’s everyday life that’s what he has to deal with. Huck‘s father, which he calls Pap, has a really bad drinking problem which adds on to his abusive ways. In this story Huck inherited a large sum of money and the towns people knew that Pap would be coming for him and the money. Pap is characterized different from the novel, the movie, and Big River, can he really be compassionate? Pap seems to be victimized by the government as the town drunk and not a good role model for his son, but it turns around when he shows compassion when he thinks Huck has died.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the movie Huck portrays his death so he could escape his abusive father. When Pap arrives to the made up murder scene he seems very upset. Pap started crying and screaming at the thought of his son being murdered. The money that Huck inherited was the driving force for Pap to be reunited with him. The made up death however shows that Pap wanted to be a part of Huck’s life. Pap wanted what was best for Huck. It seemed like Pap wanted to be a part of Huck’s life that’s why he brought Huck out to the cabin to where no one could civilize him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel, Pap didn’t seem to care about Huck. The only reason he wanted to take Huck into his custody was for the money so he could buy alcohol, as that‘s what the people in the town thought. Huck was afraid of his father since he always abused him. â€Å"I used to be scared of him all the time, he tanned me so much. I reckoned I was scared now, too† (Twain 19). Huck was in a good home, living with Widow Douglas and Mrs. Watson; he was actually getting educated and the positive teaching such as praying as he should. â€Å"She told me to pray everyday† (Twain 12). Pap didn’t want that; he didn’t feel the need for his son to be educated if he wasn’t. â€Å"You’re educated, too, they say--can read and write. You think you’re better’n your father, now, don’t you, because he can’t?† (Twain 21). Even though Pap was very abusive, a drunk and seemed to be really mean, he struggle d through the death of his son.

Emotional Marketing: Necessity of Today’s Marketing Management

The purpose of this paper is to write an analysis of an article that discusses an aspect of marketing management. During my research I was attracted to an article by James Cooper Titled, ‘Emotional Marketing as the Basis of Your Promotions’; after reading Coopers article I found Emotional Marketing to be interesting, but his article did not provide enough data to satisfy my interest in Emotional Marketing . So, rather than write about a single article, I have chosen to write about the topic of Emotional Marketing and its necessity in today’s Marketing Management. Marketing mangers must understand that if the consumers’ emotions are addressed in the right way they could get more loyal customers. This has unlashed the approach to marketing which was termed as â€Å"Emotional Marketing† (Drypen). Cooper points out that, â€Å"Marketing to today’s consumers is a challenging business because you are no longer listing the specifications of products and services. Instead you are meeting people on an emotional level to break into their consumer awareness†. As part of a company’s marketing strategy producers need to realize that there is a strong emotional connect between consumers / customers and the products they use. Brands that don't make emotional connections with their prospects and customers will eventually lose out to those that do. The practice of emotional marketing as it relates to value proposition is all about getting your target audience to connect with your product, service, and brand at a very basic and fundamental level – the level of emotions. When building customer value, emotional marketing can be used in influencing customer perceived value and total customer benefit. Some examples of firms that are successful in this application can be seen with top brands such as Starbucks, Porsche, and so on. These products and services make an emotional connection with the people they serve. They have met the challenge of identifying how its products/services can connect emotionally. They have explored what type of experience their product can offer its customers and the perceived value to customer above the firm’s competitors. Emotional marketing can only take place once the company delivers a user experience that represents its purpose. Once the company is able to deliver on that promise, it can market the experience to consumer prospects. Companies must leverage: customer testimonials, word-of-mouth, discussion forums, and trials (marketingscoop). Ideally the company wants its products or services to deliver an experience, and gets prospects to participate along with having the experience themselves. Emotional marketing is a powerful strategy if you can deliver a strong customer experience, thus, leveraging the experience to maximize customer satisfaction in the long run. On the other hand, there are the companies that use emotional marketing when customers are having a not so positive customer experience. These companies take advantage during times of crisis and turmoil. An example of this is appealing to the public during an epidemic or natural disaster and offering short term solutions. Many times the products or services offered are not even effective, nor do they provide the experience the customer desires. Furthermore, the customers’ negative experience is just the opportunity that some companies are looking for to capitalize on short run profit maximization. Leveraging emotional marketing can help in evaluating and selecting market segments to exploit. If and when the marketing/promotion appeals to the emotional aspects of customers the companies, in some cases, can move toward targeting a ‘supersegment’. For example, many symphony orchestras target people who have broad cultural interests, rather than those who only regularly attend concerts (Kotler & Keller pg 229). The product appeal is more toward a cultural or emotion interest rather than that of a physiological need. Emotion acts as a catalyst in the engine of the purchase decision process. Through experience and learning, people acquire attitudes. These in turn influence buying behavior (Kotler & Keller, pg 170). This is important since favorable and unfavorable experiences trigger emotional feeling toward a product or service being marketed. Cooper’s article, â€Å"Emotional Marketing as the Basis of Your Promotions† only touched on promotion of the product as it appeals to emotional marketing. After further research I found that emotional marketing throughout the marketing process is important in its application to: marketing strategy, customer value, target markets, brands, market segment, customer satisfaction and purchasing decisions. In conclusion, marketing managers must understand that costumers get attracted to products which effect there feelings. Companies which want to stand above the competition have to leverage emotional marketing so as to increase market share. Effective development in emotional marketing can shift a marketing challenger or market follower to position of market leader. Thus, making emotional marketing a necessity of today’s marketing management. References Cooper, J. , (Feb. 2008) Emotional Marketing As The Basis Of Your Promotions , Written for Marketinglinx. com, retrevied from the World Wide Web on 14 May 2009 at http://www. articlesbase. com/marketing-articles/emotional-marketing-as-the-basis-of-your-promotions-325335. tml Kotler, P. , & Keller, K. ,(2006), Marketing Management 13th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Drypen, (Nov. 2008),Emotional Marketing – to Play the Emotional Tune is the Necessity of Today's Marketing, written for Drypen. com, retrevied from the World Wide Web on 14 May 2009 at http://www. articlesbase. com/authors/drypen/73887. htm Unknow n, (2009), Making an Emotional Connection with Your Customers, written for marketingscoop. com, retrevied from the World Wide Web on 14 May 2009 at http://www. marketingscoop. com/emotional-marketing. htm

How new words are created in English

Knowing the relationships of sound and meaning of each word, we will be able to understand how new words are created in English. Basically, there are several ways that new words can be created: by inventing a new sound sequence and referring it to a meaning, by altering the meaning of an existing word without altering the pronunciation, or by modify or expanding the sound sequence of an existing word. The first way refers to acronyms, which are words formed from the initial letters of a phrase. For instance, IPA is the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet, whereas others, such as NASA from National Aeronautics and Space Administration, are pronounced like words instead of a succession of letter names. Some acronyms are written lowercase, causing people to forget their origins and becoming entire new independent words. For instance, ‘radar' derives from radio detecting and ranging. Also, parts of words are clipped to become shorter; for example, examination was shortened as ‘exam', ‘phone' from telephone, and ‘flu' from influenza. Last, there are blends which are words made by combining syllables from different words. Examples are ‘motel' from the first syllable of motor plus the second syllable of hotel, ‘infotainment' from the first two syllables of information plus the last two syllables of entertainment. Second, the meaning of a word may be generalized, for example, ‘Kleenex' is originally a brand name for facial tissue. But now it refers to facial tissue in general. ‘Silhouette', now means dark outline being seen against light, was taken from the name of Etienne de Silhouette. Also, we can change the category of words, such as ‘people', which is a noun mostly meaning the plural of person, can also be a verb meaning populate a place. Finally, there is the metaphorical extension of existing words, like to ‘chew' on an idea meaning to ponder on it. Another way is to compound individual words. Two nouns, say, honey and moon, are joined together to form the compound noun, ‘honeymoon'. The adjective mobile is joined with the noun phone to form the compound noun ‘mobile phone'. The preposition under is joined with wear to form the compound noun ‘underwear'. The verb play is joined with the noun ground to form the compound noun ‘playground'. As for all these compounds, the last word of each compound gives the collective meaning. New words are also formed by borrowing form other languages, and the words have been assimilated into English. For example, there are words from French, like brochure, from Japanese, like sushi, from German, like beer, and so on. Moreover, some words are created by onomatopoeia. Humans mimic the sounds of nature and use these sounds as referents for the sources of sound, such as buzz, whiz.

Thinking Problem solving and Team building

Thinking Problem solving and Team building Introduction Working in one of the industries that fall in the category of health sector is all what I wanted and demanded since childhood, however, my passionate and interests were not directed to specific institution or organization as I went through the primary course of education.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking Problem solving and Team building specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despise lack of specificity in these earlier years of career building; I did not wave from looking forward to the establishing of the future professional foundation in the field of health service provision, as it was evidently affirmed by the exceptional performance in mathematics and science subjects. Therefore, it was not a surprise in my life to find graduating with a higher diploma in engineering pharmacy, which resulted after a compacted 17 years of study. Having set high goals in my career and professional development, I fel t that graduating from the higher learning institution acted as a mark of one the major achievements in life, while it still meant a lot in the transition of my life. As a matter of fact, I didn’t want to procrastinate in getting myself within the job systems, and being driven by enthusiasm and ambition to practice all that I had gained from academic work, I relentlessly made applications to all those potential companies which I believed could offer or were having an opportunity for a pharmaceutical engineer, beside considering their ability to offering a good working environment to the entire company’s labor force. After trying severally in sending applications to a number of such organizations of interest, some corresponded by sending regrets, other kept dumb-mute without replying, while a few called for an interview in which I would fail some, while others we disagreed in terms of package remuneration and other benefits. Though the whole hassle for a job was not eas e, fraught of confounding situations as expressed above, this circumstance was a short lived one, as XYZ pharmaceutical company soon accepted me by we agreeing to the terms and conditions for each other, thus entering into the first contract. Overview of the job environment The accomplishment of the job deal gave a new feel to both us. Being the first one, it meant a lot in my side, especially in gaining enormous experience while making the organizations operations to run smoothly through the services that I promised to offer. In signing the contract with the XYZ pharmaceutical company, I agreed to delivery my services in a number of ways.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More First and foremost, as a person endowed with the knowledge and a little bit of experience in offering engineering services for a range of pharmaceutical machines and equipments, it was my obligatio n to ensure that all pharmaceutical packaging machines of the organization were in proper working conditions. This appeared to be the major responsibility that was given to me by the organization, which I did wholeheartedly. Here, I worked closely and concentrated more in dispensing my engineering services by servicing the packaging machines. Though being new in the field, I did find or encounter much difficulty in delivering in this particular task. I think and believe that this was because I had wide knowledge in the field of work and some clues or hints gained through experimental work that I did in the course of schooling. In addition also I felt attracted to working in this place as it demanded little movements from one place to another. However, the little movements wasn’t an advantage because I did not like walking, but understand that long resting is a thing which I have hated in my life, for it encourages laziness, and bring a lot of problems to humans especially tho se non-infectious diseases such as obesity and edema. On the contrary way of thinking, I held less movement as an added advantage in the workplace for somebody new in job tasks, more so in a high and sensitive position concerned with assurance and control of quality of the company’s products. While understanding the related effects and consequences of producing products of poor quality for the organizations, I took the cutting down of movements within the organization and working from a single place as a way that led to sparing of some extra time for my personal-work related activities. In order to ensure that there was maintenance and enhancement of quality products within the manufacturing and production of goods in the organizations, I at first utilized the extra time diligently and serious working on those areas which I knew posed considerable difficulties in understanding them during the course of study. Moreover, this spared time was also of significance importance as i t also gave me the chance to familiarize myself with many things involved in a real workplace environment, including tenets and regulations that applied to the company’s employees at different circumstances. Within a very short working period after signing my employment contract with the company, it was evident that I had gained adequate knowledge and experience to service and work on any machine particularly any of the packaging type of machine. Thus, there was a more gain of interest in deliberating on my tasks of machine repairing, which triggered the need of moving from being so much specialized on one working point station to a more general one.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking Problem solving and Team building specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More So, I sometime moved around the organization’s departments looking if there were any of the familiar machines that had broken down to service it. Fo r that matter, a part from serving as chief machine repairer for the major packaging machine of the organization, I also went on attending to several other small machines and equipments which were being used within the organization to accomplish various other packaging tasks. Truly, it was not to my surprise that every time I tried to get a tour within the various departments dealing with such related machine, I found several of them had broken down depicting that the way the company might have been suffering and incurring a lot of losses due to the issue of machine failure. Revelation of Problems The service that I offered to the XYZ pharmaceutical company appeared to be in higher demand than the company’s managerial team and I could have perceived before. The decision to move around in search for the broken packaging equipments and miniature machines led to the realization that the broken machines to be serviced were more than what the chief company machine supervisor, whom was one of my interviewers had understood or revealed. Though I was busy in most of the time working hard to cope with the tight time working conditions of the company, there were also some hours for break, lunch and some leisure which were created officially for renewal of energy in our body. As most of the workers did not get out of their working stations during breaks and lunch hour periods, I planned spending part of these hours for social purpose. Despite the fear of being a new employee in the company, I pretended that I was looking for those broken down packaging machine, and this worked to the best of attaining the hidden intentions. It sometimes appeared to me that I was bothering a few of the workers when I stepped in their stations or offices, especially those who were work overloaded, and wanted to recover or catch up with time certainly for deadlines that were nigh.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, I used the gained communication skills to get over the barrier of making friendships; thus, we found it necessary to share a little bit of our past even if it meant a mere simple and short introduction which included just our names and the kind of job or position each of us was doing for the organization. The decision to pay visits to the many offices and work stations had a double to triple fruitfulness. That is, when I shared with most of the colleagues of the kind of job and professional area of my specialization, almost eight five percent of them showed interest and requested for my assistance. There were those who wanted me to service and repair simple equipments, while others needed me to work on certain machines which looked to be complex machines to them such a photocopiers, printers and to some extend computer categories, depending on the office they held. I tried all that I can to repair those with simple problems according to my knowledge and experience, while av oiding to disappoint my new colleagues and allies by giving assured appointments for the complicated problems. The overall results showed that the organization had suffered a lot in several ways other than just having their machine broken down. While many of the corporation’s machines were non-functioning or having problems that were generally not reported, it depicted that there was an overall problem of communication barriers among individuals and departments whose works were core to the contributions of the company’s production and efficiencies. The matter became evident when I volunteered to work and assist the company on having a routinely weekly repair for the installed machines. It was a tiresome tasks resulting from immeasurable movements, that is, moving from office to office within a department and more so from one department to another. This not only counted towards wastage of one’s energy, but it also led to a lot of time wastage on collecting the re pair information requests from the different notice boxes which were not strategically located in the various departments. Furthermore, the manual system of receiving the documents took me long time to draft and enter the data to my storage records for future reference, scheduling and any other need that might arise in the course of the business operation. Due to the use of manual data and information system within the organization, much of the work remained undone leading to the company lagging behind in most of their operations. With this kind of system being in place, the supply, accounting and the store departments were greatly affected as they could not keep complete, compiled information without having received the data and information in time. Seeing the vaguely system and hardship that the organization was going through, I did not hesitate in proposing of new communication methodology. The sense was overt to every member of the organization and within four months of my emplo yment in the organization, plans instilled through a collaborative approach of departmental staffs and junior employees were underway towards the introduction of new project on information technology, primarily aimed at off setting the problem of data and information transfers in their communications. The inclusions of all parties in the proposing and introducing the programs was of paramount significance in assuring that not body had to be affected by the employment of the new technology. According to me, this establish trust and confidence among member parties, while at the same time showing concern and care for each others’ future and welfare, thus, paving the way for speedy implementation of the project. Team building On critical assess of the organizations, it appeared that they were several issues that needed to be resolved within the organization. Following group and employee’s discussions among themselves and negotiations with the managerial team, it was discov ered that most of the employees required knowing more than just simple single issue their area of operations. For instance, it was suggested that machine operators should get to know a bit of simple repair methods, while secretaries were to gain to some extend the knowledge and experience on managerial professions so as to make the company operate efficiently and perform excellently. For the purpose of accomplishing this goal, the involved parties negotiated for the best way to learn the new skills, however with limited time available for the management team to offer its employees as a way of motivating them, the parties finally decided to create sacrificial extra time for them to learn and get acquainted with the new skills. In departmental groups, each of them established their leaders and through closely working relationship with volunteer senior managerial team formed by person whom had already acquired the knowledge and skills needed in the specific groups, they kicked off on a serious training sessions that would transform the organization in a number of ways. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be stated that problems are always there in organizations, and sometime this exist even without being noticed by the seniors and company executives. This situation was not quite different for the XYZ pharmaceutical company, which believed that the only problem they had was only concerned with repairing of packaging machines. However, the establishment and building of a team is a critical to solving many problems existing in organization, including even those hidden problems that derail the delivery of services and/or productions of products. As I reflect on my case, I become convinced and confident that anybody holding any position in an organization can bring a lot of transformational changes directly and indirectly through establishment/building of a team, as long as the party possesses the necessary skills and knowledge needed.

Prehistoric Life During the Devonian Period

Prehistoric Life During the Devonian Period From a human perspective, the Devonian period was a crucial time for the evolution of vertebrate life: this was the period in geological history when the first tetrapods climbed out of the primordial seas and began to colonize dry land. The Devonian occupied the middle part of the Paleozoic Era (542-250 million years ago), preceded by the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian periods and followed by the Carboniferous and Permian periods. Climate and Geography The global climate during the Devonian period was surprisingly mild, with average ocean temperatures of only 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit (compared to as high as 120 degrees during the preceding Ordovician and Silurian periods). The North and South Poles were only marginally cooler than the areas closer to the equator, and there were no ice caps; the only glaciers were to be found atop high mountain ranges. The smallish continents of Laurentia and Baltica gradually merged to form Euramerica, while the giant Gondwana (which was destined to break apart millions of years later into Africa, South America, Antarctica, and Australia) continued its slow southward drift. Terrestrial Life Vertebrates. It was during the Devonian period that the archetypal evolutionary event in the history of life  took place: the adaptation of lobe-finned fish to life on dry land. The two best candidates for the earliest tetrapods (four-footed vertebrates) are Acanthostega and Ichthyostega, which themselves evolved from earlier, exclusively marine vertebrates like Tiktaalik and Panderichthys. Surprisingly, many of these early tetrapods possessed seven or eight digits on each of their feet, meaning they represented dead ends in evolution since all terrestrial vertebrates on earth today employ the five-finger, five-toe body plan. Invertebrates. Although tetrapods were certainly the biggest news of the Devonian period, they werent the only animals that colonized  dry land. There was also a wide array of small arthropods, worms, flightless insects and other pesky invertebrates, which took advantage of the complex terrestrial plant ecosystems that started to develop at this time to gradually spread inland (though still not too far away from bodies of water). During this time, though, the vast bulk of life on earth lived deep in the water. Marine Life The Devonian period marked both the apex and the extinction of the placoderms, prehistoric fish characterized by their tough armor plating (some placoderms, such as the enormous Dunkleosteus, attained weights of three or four tons). As noted above, the Devonian also teemed with lobe-finned fish, from which the first tetrapods evolved, as well as relatively new ray-finned fish, the most populous family of fish on earth today. Relatively small sharkssuch as the bizarrely ornamented Stethacanthus and the weirdly scaleless Cladoselachewere an increasingly common sight in the Devonian seas. Invertebrates like sponges and corals continued to flourish, but the ranks of the trilobites were thinned out, and only the giant eurypterids (invertebrate sea scorpions) successfully competed with vertebrate sharks for prey. Plant Life It was during the Devonian period that the temperate regions of the earths evolving continents first became truly green. The Devonian witnessed the first significant jungles and forests, the spread of which was aided by the evolutionary competition among plants to gather as much sunlight as possible (in a dense forest canopy, a tall tree has a significant advantage in harvesting energy over a tiny shrub). The trees of the late Devonian period were the first to evolve rudimentary bark (to support their weight and protect their trunks), as well as robust internal water-conduction mechanisms that helped to counteract the force of gravity. The End-Devonian Extinction The end of the Devonian period ushered in the second great extinction of prehistoric life on earth, the first being the mass extinction event at the end of the Ordovician period. Not all animal groups were affected equally by the End-Devonian Extinction: reef-dwelling placoderms and trilobites were especially vulnerable, but deep-sea organisms escaped relatively unscathed. The evidence is sketchy, but many paleontologists believe that the Devonian extinction was caused by multiple meteor impacts, debris from which may have poisoned the surfaces of lakes, oceans, and rivers.

Cambrian Explosion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Cambrian Explosion - Research Paper Example Some of the animals with basic animal bodies include arthropods such as insects, crustaceans, and trio-bites, cnidarians like jellyfish and corals, mollusks such as shellfish and squids, echinoderms like sea urchins and sea star, and chordates such as vertebrates. The Cambrian exposition occurred during the Cambrian period that began 570 million years ago and ended 510 million years. According to Meyer et al. (2001), the Cambrian exposition occurred within a window of 20 to 40 million years during the Cambrian period. According to BBC, (2015), the Cambrian period began 545 million years ago and ended 495 million years ago. The Cambrian period was characterized by the sudden emergence of living organisms in the sea. Although geologists are lucky to identify some Cambrian fossils, there was no life on the land. According to Darwin’s theory, the Cambrian exposition is based on the existence of changing environmental conditions that cause genetic modification of genes. The major cause of the Cambrian exposition is believed to be a rapid increase in the oxygen level in the atmosphere. An increase in oxygen level in the atmosphere occurred approximately 2.3 or 3 million years when numerous microorganisms released oxygen to the atmosphere through photosynthesis. The second oxygen increase event occurred approximately one billion years ago and resulted in the development of various complex organisms during the Cambrian period. The link between the increase in oxygen levels and development of complex organisms is confirmed by various past events. For instance, the oxygen concentration is believed to have increased from 10 % to 21% in the past 425 million years. The event resulted in the evolution of vertebrates thus attaining essential features. Secondly, high oxygen concentration level in the atmosphere resulted in an increase in insect size (Koch & Britton, 2009). According to Penumaka (2011), the earth was covered by glacier 580 million years ago thus

Hispanic Last Names Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hispanic Last Names - Essay Example Hispanic surnames are always two. Balbastro Ajuntas is the womans’ real name referred to as ‘nombre.’ Ajuntas is part of her first name, not her middle name.Berrera is her fathers’ name or Apellido paterno. It is what we call her last name. Maria is her mothers’ name or Apellido materno and it is used with her fathers’ name. It is not only her last name but it completes her last name. If Balbastro was to marry Ramon Gonzalez Gomez, she would take Ramons’ last names in that pattern. Most Hispanic countries however, have the additional conjunction ‘de’ to show that the added name is a married one. It is worth noting that women in todays world do not change their names on personal or professional reasons. Women in Hispanic culture never changes her first sir name in marriage. This is different from other cultures like US, where a woman assumes the husbands’ name after marriage. It is therefore important to note that, the naming system of Spain has the traditional personal surname of the farther followed by that of the mother and that a woman does not have to change her surnames in favor of her husband’s name because Spanish naming system does not entail the maiden name

The accounting policies of Marks and Spencer Essay

The accounting policies of Marks and Spencer - Essay Example   The first part of the report analyses the development of two accounting policies regarding tangible fixed assets and intangible one. To make the analysis more critical, comparisons with the main competitors of Marks and Spencer are drawn illustrating the controversial development of the selected policies. The second part of the report deals with the analysis of transition from UK GAAP to IFRS with specific respect to the following issues: treatment for property, property leases, employee benefits, share-based payments, intangible assets, and financial instruments. During their lifetime companies acquire property, which should be treated as assets according to the accounting standards. Meanwhile most of the property types have a 'lifetime' span, a time period, called useful economic life, during which an asset is used. To reflect the useful economic life in financial statements, profit and loss account receives regular portion of the cost of an asset. This expense is known as depr eciation. In other words, depreciation represents the extent to which economic value of an asset has been consumed by the business. There are different accounting policies on depreciation, but the most commonly used two are straight line depreciation and reducing balance. The one that is used by Marks and Spencer is the straight line depreciation. "Depreciation is provided to write off the cost or valuation of tangible fixed assets, less residual value, by equal annual instalments" (Marks and Spencer, 2005a, p. 33). That means the company pays the cost of an asset minus its value after its useful economic life expires by equal portions annually. Thus, fixtures fittings and equipment as a type of property has useful economic life of 3-15 years in the accounting policy of Marks and Spencer - that means, during that time the company annually pays its cost less residual value divided into 3-15 equal portions. Another popular policy of depreciation is reducing balance. In this case the d epreciation in each year is calculated as the percentage of the un-depreciated value. For instance, if the purchase cost of an asset is 100 and the reducing balance rate is 20% then the first year depreciation is 100*0.2=20 and the second year depreciation is (100-20)*0.2=16. The reducing balance rule is used to reflect the fact that the value of some assets falls more rapidly in the first years of use than in the last ones. As can be seen in theory the reducing balance policy can go on forever, with annual portions reducing ad infinitum. Generally, after 95% of the initial cost has been depreciated all the rest is written off in the next portion. The difference of these two methods is as follows: while the straight line depreciation is the simplest of all methods, the reducing balance allows taking the advantage of larger tax deductions in early years.  

Strategic Management Issues in Low Cost Airlines

Strategic Management Issues in Low Cost Airlines Low cost airlines have been a trend nowadays anywhere in the world. There are many airlines that have adopted this strategy and have become more successful because of this. The low cost airlines have the advantage over the premium airlines due to the fact that they will never get their costs to a point where they can make a profit at low fares in bigger markets. Among these low cost airlines that are in existence nowadays is Ryan air. The Irish airline company Ryan air is the first low-cost, no-frills European airline to have any impact. Ryan air started operations in July 1985, flying between Waterford in the southeast of Ireland and Londons Gatwick airport. Three brothers, Catlan, Declan and Shane Ryan were the founding shareholders of Ryan air, which was set up to offer low-cost no-frills services between Ireland and London. Now, Ryan air, with its rapid growth occupied a most sought position in its own field, being Britains favourite airline. Ryan air currently has a team of more than 7,000 people and expects to carry approximately 73 million passengers in fiscal year 2010/11. 1.3 Current Strategic Positions: To evaluate any organisations strategic position certain factors have to be assessed. These include those below and also the environmental analysis which follows later in the report. 1.3.1 Market Segmentation: Ryan air lay claim to their market segment by stating they were Europes first no frills airline, www.ryanair.com. Ryanair have made strategic decisions based on increasing their competitive edge, the main one becoming involved in attracting customers at both ends of their routes. Haberberg and Rieple (2001), support this by showing that Ryanairs key source of revenue from as far back as a decade ago has been in enticing passengers from France, Italy and Scandinavia. This has had the advantage of increasing their market share as well as the added bonus of creating a well recognised brand name across Europe. 1.3.2 Prescriptive, Emergent or Something Unique? A prescriptive corporate strategy is one where the objective has been defined in advance and the main elements have been developed before the strategy commencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.an emergent corporate strategy is one whose final objective is unclear and whose elements are developed during the course of its life, as the strategy proceeds. Lynch (2000) As is shown above by Lynch (2000) the two recognised strategy models are extremely different, however these are the two dominant strategy approaches as stated by Dennis Foster in his lecture on Managing Strategic Change (2006). It is safe to recognise straight away that Ryanair does not sit uniformly with either strategy. However certain aspects or functions could certainly adhere to one or the other as these are sections that make up the carrier as a whole and for an organisation of Ryanairs size different parts would have different aims and objectives underneath a main umbrella strategy for the organisation. For example any planning undertaken by Ryanair for new routes or planes would follow the prescriptive model as the objective would have been defined beforehand and elements such as finance will have had to have been agreed before any purchasing goes ahead. On the other hand emergent strategies may be in place for things like training and development where elements can be discovered along the way for example if an issue arose where staff needed more health and safety training then the training programme could be redirected. Ryanair, as already stated, follows neither strategic approach religiously and possesses a strategy unique to their organisation, which has identified their needs and objectives. However their approach to strategic management isnt unique in itself as the majority of organisations will tailor strategies to suit their business own individuality. 1.3.3 Competitive Advantages: Their main competitors are carriers including Easy Jet, BMIbaby, Fly Be and Thomson Fly all of who try to attract potential customers by emphasising their low cost tickets. This makes the competition in this market segment fierce as in order to offer the lowest fares, costs must also be kept to a minimum. Ryanair continues to be the lowest cost airline in Europe. The firm manages to maintain its cost leadership despite the presence of other low cost airlines in Europe. The source of competitive advantage of the company is its ability to drive down costs to sustain low fares while at the same time remains profitable. This is done through: Fleet Commonality The airlines fleet is made up of Boeing 737, the most common aircraft being flown in the present. Because of fleet commonality the firm is able to cut on costs in obtaining spares and maintenance services. Contracting Out of Services Other than Dublin Airport where the firm maintains its staff and services, Ryanair contracts out aircraft handling, ticketing, baggage handling and other functions to third parties. The firm is able to obtain competitive rates and multi-year contracts at fixed prices, limiting exposure to cost increases. Third party service outsourcing also limits Ryanairs direct exposure to employee relations responsibilities and potential disputes. Airport Charges and Route Policy Airport charges include landing fees, passenger loading fees, aircraft parking fees and noise surcharges. In order to reduce these fees, the firm avoids congested main airports and chooses secondary and regional airport destinations which are very interested in increasing passenger throughput. Staff Costs and Productivity In order to control employee compensation costs, the firm implements a performance related pay structure. Although the company provides lower labor costs, the employees can earn additional pay or remuneration base on their performance. Marketing Costs In order to reduce marketing costs, the firm cut its rate commission to travel agents. The firms main advertisement tools are newspapers, radio, television and its company website. 2.0 External analysis: For success within the airline industry, an awareness of the external environment is essential. This section aims to highlight the position of the industry, in particular looking at competitors and assessing Ryans capability to meet current and future challenges. 2.1 PESTLE Analysis In Pestle analysis we investigate macro external factors for companies, which are very important for identify their strategies. There are 6-core elements of Pestle analysis. These are Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental options. We can examine these factors in the airline industry to realize Ryanairs future external threats and opportunities. PESTEL Factor Key Points Implications for RYAN Political Heavy regulation (AEA, 2009). Compliance is essential if Ryan wants to continue operations. Increased security due to past terrorist threats (DFT, 2008). Sufficient security measures should be in place to ensure consumer confidence and competitive advantage is maintained. Economic Global economic crisis:World growth is projected to just over 2  percent in 2009 (IMF, 2008). Pound weakens especially against the Euro. Possible reduction in the amount of business travel as companies are cutting costs and using alternative means of communication such as teleconferencing. Oil prices: declined by 50 % since their peak retreating to 2007 levels. Decline in fuel price = strengthening of the dollar (IMF, 2008) Fluctuations in oil prices and exchange rates will directly affect Ryans cost base. UK consumer spending saw its sharpest decline for 13 years between July and September 2008 (Channel 4, 2008). More intense competition Social The UK has an aging population (see appendix 3) (National Statistics Online, 2008). Potential opportunity for growth as older generations havemore time to spend on leisure activities such as international travel. Increasing unemployment (Kollewe and Sager, 2008). Increased bargaining power as an employer. Technological A recent survey revealed that 34% of online consumers plan to use price-comparison sites more in 2009 (NMA, 2009). Increased consumer awareness and therefore bargaining power. Online booking services and check-in is becoming increasingly used by the airline industry. Ryan must ensure that they remain up to date with these technological advances whilst avoiding becoming overly reliant, as this may isolate certain consumer markets (i.e the elderly) who dont feel comfortable using such technology. Environmental/Ethical Noise pollution controls,and energy consumption controls (DFT, 2008). New legislation (e.g. Climate Change Bill) enforcing tighter environmental regulation may increase operational costs each year. Limited land and for growing airports Expansion is difficult at Heathrow as it would result in a loss in the Londons Green belt area. (BBC News 2006) Limited capacity=>utilisation of capacity. Consumers are becoming increasingly green and more aware of the environmental impact of their actions. Failure to adopt an integrated environmental strategy could lead to a detrimental effect on the Ryans reputation and income. Cancellations of flights and loss of baggage (Channel 4, 2008). Such ethical issues could have a detrimental effect on reputation if left unresolved. Legal Recognition of trade unions and industrial action e.g. Cabin Crew strikes. Good employee relations are essential if Ryan wants to avoid industrial action and interrupted operations. Open Skies Agreement (AEA, 2009) Opportunity for Ryan and its competitors to freely transport aircraft between the EU and US. There is a cruel competition in airline industry. Especially, after credit crunch in 2008 the competition has become crueler. Companies have to fight with recession also and in this economic situation we can see lots of threats in sector. If you reverse these threats to the opportunities you will be one step further in the competition. Ryanair is the most suitable company to gain advantages from todays world. With this assignment we answered the questions, which frequently asking for their future strategy and their positions of the future competition. Thats why; they have started to corporate social responsibilities. 2.2 Porters Five Forces Before starting to write analysis of the Ryanair based on Porters five forces I should write some special information about Ryanair or all low cost airlines. The main characteristics of these companies are designed for reducing costs. Because it is obvious that the most competitive maybe just one- side of them is their low fares. For Ryanair, their aircrafts seat density is very high and they prefer just one aircraft types (Boeing 737-800). All of their bookings are via Internet so they earn huge amount of money because of no sales commissions. They havent got any frills such as free food or havent got any air-mile promotions. They always prefer secondary airports. Actually these all I mentioned above are had mentioned at their S.W.O.T. analysis in strengths part. In my opinion we can use every single detail from S.W.O.T. analysis of Ryanair when we are writing about Porters Five Forces analysis of it. This analysis has five-core element. These are 1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 2. New Entrants 3. Threat of Substitutes 4. Competitive Rivalry 5. Bargaining Power of Customers Bargaining Power of Customers Ryanair customers are highly price sensitive. It is very easy to change their airline and it is not related to high cost. In this century customers knowledge about the cost of service is high and there is no customer loyalty for Ryanair. Even though there is no customer loyalty, bargaining power of customers is low. Ryanair is the cheapest airline for all Europe destinations and customers are -especially in recession times- highly price sensitive. New Entrants It is very hard to be new in airline industry. There are lots of barriers to entry. You should take the flight authorizations. The capital that you will invest in this sector is very high. It is also hard to take a place current competition and also hard to find suitable airports for your flights. In my opinion in short time period there will not be any threats of new entrants against Ryanair even though some existing companies are changing their strategy and reducing their ticket price (Lufthansa). Threat of Substitutes As I mentioned before there is not any brand loyalty of customers and Ryanair preferred customer relationship is not-close relationship. If their customers find better way to travel they will not feel any hesitation to chose it. So the threat of direct and indirect substitutes is very high and the most important point is there are no switching costs for the customers. Competitive Rivalry The market is highly competitive. Most of Ryanairs cost advantages can be copied immediately. In Europe it seems like there is an agreement between Ryanair and Easyjet about not to compete head to head. However if any company does decide to compete on the same basis as Ryanair it will be highly crucial for Ryanair. There will be heavy pressure on prices, margins, and hence on profitability. 2.3 Bowmans Strategy Clock Bowman created his Strategy Clock in The Essence of Competitive Strategy book. With this strategic model he illustrates companys competitive position in comparison with their rivals. For him the real advantage of companies being achieved cost and differentiation. His strategy clock has 8 options. First two options are about the low price. First option is totally low cost low added value but the second option totally about to be a cost leader without caring its value. Second option has the risk of price war and low margin. Third option is a hybrid option. Mainly the low cost but not the lowest price. The most important difference between second and the third option is in third option reinvestment in differentiation. Fourth option is about differentiation. For option five the biggest difference is the differentiation is highly focused. It perceived added value to a particular segment warranting a premium price. Rests of the options are failure options. At option six the price is increased but the value is standard. Option seven is worse than option six. In option seven you can see increased price with low values. It is only feasible in monopoly situation. Last option is option 8, which is the cause loss of market share. Because your low value has a standard price. Ryanair had dramatic changes during last decade period time and this was flabbergasted its competitors. Their profitability rose within a short period of time. Their low-fares strategy without frills and punctuality in flight service helped their high profitability period and it brought a significant value on the growth. The high level competition needs efficient strategy to gain advantages and at the same time high profit. In different times we can put Ryanairs strategy in different options in Bowmans Strategy Clock. But all of them can be placed between options 1 to 5. Their strategy never placed in failure part of Bowmans clock. Mainly, in these days Ryanair place in the clock is between options 1-2, which is mainly about low price. We can easily realize Ryanair is the best example for this option. If they can secure their price and gives higher valued service they can easily take a place option three and they will be strongest company in the competition. In my opinion, hybrid strategy is the most preferable strategy in the clock that is why Virgin Airlines prefer this option. If Ryanair updates their lowest price strategy with a standard service they easily will be the strongest company in the competition. 3.0 SWOT Analysis: Strengths Ryanair has been known as Europes first low-cost, no-frills airline brand.This fact alone credits is the companys strongest selling point. Ryanair started in year 1985 with only 57 staff members and with one 15-seater turboprop plane from the south of east of Ireland to London-Gatwick which carried 5000 passengers on one route. In 1986, inspired from the story of David and Goliath the company go after the big guys for a slice of the action and end up smashing the Aer Lingus or British Airways high fare cartel on the Dublin-London route. From therein, Ryanairs lower fares offering increased their market share rapidly resulting to the establishment of low-cost subsidiaries of established airline companies such as British Airlines and KLM. The low-cost, no-frills strategy resulted to a rapid increase of customers and expansion of their operations, wherein the staff increased from mere 57 to 3, 400 staff members and almost 35 million passengers. In terms of operations, the EU air transport deregulation allowed the airline for the first time to open up new routes to Continental Europe with over 3 million passengers on 18 routes carried in 1997. Ryanair also launched services to Stockholm, Oslo, Paris and Brussels and took time out to float Ryanair Holdings plc on Dublin and NASDAQ Stock exchanges. The company was awarded as Airline of the Year in 1999 by the Irish Air Transport Users Committee. In 2001, while almost all traditional airline companies suffered from losses and stiff competition, Ryanair, being a low-cost airline became more than merely profitable by recording 26 percent in operating margins results that the former only dreams about. In June of the following year, Ryanair made a market capitalization amounting to 4.9 billion euro ($4.82 billion), breaking the records of 45 percent more than the mighty British Airways that has 20 times larger in terms of revenue. Ryanair possesses the sophisticated and able technology that can cater to the fast changing global marketing management trends. It has core competence in its use of information technology that can support its management and marketing operations. Thus, adding to its innovations in service providing among the wide range of clientele. Its IT supports competent procurement of services (e.g. bookings and ticketing) in e-marketing or online aspect. After establishing its website in January 2000, it became one of the busiest sites in the country with 14 million impressions a month. The booking in their web accounts have increased to 94% which has probably has something to do with opening another 26 routes. In year 2003, the company is characterized by rapid expansion and the start the year by announcing that the company has ordered an additional 100 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft to facilitate the rapid European growth plans. The company is named as the most popular airline on the web i n 2004 by Google. The company has also passed out British Airways to become the UKs favorite airline in United Kingdom and throughout Europe. In sum, Ryanairs strengths rest on the companys commitment to low fares, deep-seated management, and willingness to address managerial challenges and marketing trends (e.g. competition, expansion, and IT solutions). Weaknesses Despite of the increase of passengers, the company is not so good in managing cost that the company has lose its money. At the moment, there have been urgent and deliberate mechanisms that were implemented to address such weakness. Such cost reduction strategy relies on five main aspects like fleet commonality, contracting out services, airport charges and route policies, managed staff costs and productivity and managed marketing costs. Ryanair, in spite of its strategies has other problems that serve as weaknesses too. One of the problems is in terms of handling customers or target market. Reports say that Ryanair accumulates hidden taxes and other fees, restricted customer services, and deceiving advertisements. In addition, another problem is assuring quality service. According to the result of poll conducted by BBC involving air travelers in 2003, 56 percent of respondents claimed that the airline caused them the biggest headaches in terms of services and customers. Also, in 2007 Irelands Commission for Aviation Regulation recorded a total of 60 percent of all complaints accumulated by the commission. There has been significant number of bad publicity for the company, thus, creating a negative impression to the airline brand. The company is faced with different unsolved issues because of lack of strategic decision making in several areas of human resources particularly in relation to trade union policies. Opportunities With the management system of the company and the strengths that it has, Ryanair has bigger opportunities to still dominate and catch up with the competition in the European airline industry in terms of providing more quality service standard and at the same time preserving it low-cost no-frills strategy to its clients or even have an opportunity to be the number one airline company in the whole region after its eventual application of its proposed plans in the future. Another opportunity that can be attached to the company is it would gain more customers if they would be able to determine the latest trends in airline management and marketing to meet the demands of their target market. The continuous initiatives of the company in diversification of its revenue resources also open new opportunities to make the business become stronger to outgrow all its rival companies. Such opportunities will include e-business development by strategic alliances as well as suppliers, leveraging the c ompanys investment in the World Class Customer Satisfaction Systems, and other business opportunities in both non-core and core areas. Threats Operating in the most competitive marketplace especially European airline industry, Ryanair is faced with the inevitable threat of stiff competition. For a company to succeed in global competition there is a continuous plan to develop new products with higher quality than its competitors. New product and new business development must be highly effective and efficient, however that alone will not ensure its competitiveness. The expansion of its operations to other areas means adjusting to the trade policies and political problems of the locality. The dynamic needs and demands of customers served to be a challenge to the management. Furthermore, consumer behaviour and satisfaction with regards to the product/service procurement is also a risk. If the company will continue to be a vertically integrated corporation, the company may fail in terms of management ability. The division of the company may tend to have internal complexity. Additionally, fast paced technological advancement may be a threat to Ryanair as a whole. In terms of the competitors, the company should be able to provide unique and more technologically advanced services to be able to survive in the competition in the world airline industry. Future Strategy and Recommendations Mergers and Acquisitions Mergers and acquisitions have become one of the most important corporate-level strategies in the new millennium. Merger and acquisition strategies are important to firm growth and success in the 21st century. As Ryanair continues to grow it is expected that the company will acquire other companies such as Buzz, in order to improve its capabilities and acquire more competitive advantage. Strategic Human Resource Management Ryanair, in its commitment to low-cost airfare have sacrificed its processes and services. The human resources of the company are not seen as a potential source of competitive advantage. The company do not seem to value its people. There is a growing belief that a companys human resources is the most important source of competitive advantage. Human resources or the companys people are one source of sustainable competitive advantage. In a fast-changing environment where technological innovations and other strategies can be copied, it is the human resources that bring a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing Plan Strategies Ryanair should has a detailed plan for its strategic moves in the market and be able to provide good customer services to the customers like by having discounted flights and value promotion to keep the competitive advantage at a stable mode within its competitors and will need to focus more on the core competencies that allow Ryanair to practically and wisely designs suitable airline operations within the bracket of their marketing network services in a market standard-based perspective. Ryanair need to be goal oriented and must not stop to rejuvenate and change their marketing plan strategies from time to time in order to re-invent the performance process upon the upgrading of rules and regulations mandated by the state. Ryanair is to overcome the lack of product differentiation and increase it that will have the ability to revive revenue generation. Operational Effectiveness It is then recommended that Ryanair should outsources as many non-core functions as possible that may abandon peripheral services such as catering or ground handling services and can be required to perform such activities as external specialist companies defined to be independent profit centers. Recommendation Based on above analysis, it is recommended that Ryanair consider the expansion in to haul markets specially the transatlantic routes which accounts for more than 60% of worlds air travel. By moving in to this new market with its low fare strategy coupled with added service options the company can utilize its existing business with introducing complementary goods and services via its web site its also recommended as this will allow the company to further reduce its cost base per unit of customer.